Coronary spasm is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation.

Variant angina and coronary artery spasm: the clinical spectrum, pathophysiology, and management.

Variant angina is a form of angina pectoris that shows transient ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram during an attack of chest pain. Ischemic episodes of variant angina show circadian variation and often occur at rest from midnight to early morning. Ischemic episodes also occur during mild exercise in the early morning. However, they are not usually induced by strenuous exercise in the af...

Chronic Low-grade Inflammation after Exercise: Controversies

Recent Insights Into the Mechanisms of Vasospastic Angina

Coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many types of ischemic heart disease, not only in vasospastic angina but also in myocardial infarction and sudden death, particularly in the asian population. Patients with vasospastic angina are known to have defective endothelial function due to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Moreover, markers of oxidative stress and ...

Coronary Artery Spasm During Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography: A Case Report

Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) has been widely used as a diagnostic and prognostic modality in the management of stress. DSE is associated with limited complications and adverse effects on the health of patients. In this case report, we described a 42-year-old female patient with dobutamine-induced coronary artery spasm with history of exertional dyspnea, which had deteriorated recent...

Use of cold therapy in traditional and new medicine

Cold therapy are as an oldest method that used for treatment of truma and pain and as a folk remedy that use for relife of spasm and inflamation. Cold can exert a profound physiological effect on the body especially of reducing inflammation caused by injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Because reduction of inflammation is the primary goal, cryotherapy is the treatment of choise for the firs...